57 Years On, Lassa Fever Remains a Persistent Health Threat in Nigeria

Story: Written by Zara Match 9,2026
Nearly six decades after it was first identified in Nigeria, Lassa fever continues to pose a serious public health challenge across the country, with health authorities still battling periodic outbreaks and rising infection rates.
First discovered in 1969 in the town of Lassa in present-day Borno State, the viral disease has since remained endemic in several parts of Nigeria. Despite years of research, awareness campaigns and medical interventions, the illness continues to affect thousands of people annually.
Lassa fever is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with food or household items contaminated by the urine or droppings of infected multimammate rats, which are common in many rural and urban communities. The disease can also spread from person to person through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals.
Health experts say poor sanitation, overcrowded living conditions and inadequate food storage practices contribute significantly to the spread of the disease in many communities.
Symptoms of Lassa fever often begin with fever, weakness and headaches but can progress to severe complications such as bleeding, organ failure and, in some cases, death if not treated early.
According to public health officials, early detection and prompt medical care are critical to reducing fatalities associated with the disease. However, limited awareness in some communities and delayed hospital visits continue to worsen outcomes for many patients.
Over the years, Nigerian health authorities have intensified surveillance, treatment and public education efforts to control outbreaks. Treatment centres and isolation units have also been established in several states to manage confirmed cases.
Medical experts continue to stress the importance of preventive measures, including proper food storage, maintaining clean environments and avoiding contact with rodents that may carry the virus.
Despite these efforts, Lassa fever remains a recurring health concern in Nigeria, underscoring the need for stronger healthcare systems, improved sanitation and sustained public awareness campaigns.